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SL President vows to better electoral system_我的网站

一 |     Colombo, Oct 10 (UNI) Sri Lankan President Ranil Wickremesinghe has announced a raft of amendments to the electoral system, noting that the existing political system was a major cause for the current economic crisis.

“A referendum will be called to decide on the parliamentary electoral system if the Select Committee which is proposed to be established fails to decide on the matter by July next year,” the Daily FT newspaper quoted him as telling a meeting with professionals held at the President’s Office on Sunday.

The President said plans were also underway to slash the number of local government councillors by 50 per cent before the next election.

“Before the next election, I intend to reduce the number of council members for local governing bodies such as Pradeshiya Sabhas, Municipal Councils and Urban Councils from the current 8,000 to 4,000,” he added.

Wickremesinghe also said the ‘Jana Sabha’ will be introduced to streamline the local government councils.

“The Executive powers will be shifted to a chairman-led committee instead of a single chairman being vested with all the authority. The draft laws will be prepared to incorporate these amendments before the next local government elections,” he stressed.

Noting that the main cause for political corruption is the preferential system, President Wickremesinghe said a non-preferential list system or a mixed electoral system should be immediately adopted and restrictions should be imposed by the election law on the amount of money spent on elections.

“There are two main issues before the country today. One is the economic crisis while the other is the rejection of the political system by the majority of the population. Many are of the view that the cause of the economic collapse is the existing political system.

"Different groups have been formed within the Parliament due to the party system. I work for the people irrespective of narrow party lines,” he said.

The President cited fewer youth representatives as another key factor in the political parties today, the daily reported.

“Many work with the same old people just for namesake. There are no new organisations. Therefore, a separate law should be presented regarding the constitution of political parties, their work, how to recruit members, how to select central committees, and how to select candidates."

He also said the main reason for corruption in the country's politics is the preferential system, insisting that it was imperative to prepare a new voting system.

“A decision should be taken to implement either the list method without preference or the mixed method (single and proportional method). A decision should be taken after discussions before the upcoming election and that election should be held under the new system,” the Daily FT quoted him as saying.

Wickremesinghe also pointed out the need to curtail the election expenditure through the election laws.

“When I contested in the 1977 elections, there were limitations. We had to work in keeping with these limitations. We were unable to even spend on posters. Hence, we must introduce limitations on election expenditure.

“This will enhance transparency on how to collect money, and in what cases money cannot be collected. Then anyone can challenge the misuse of financials in the courts. I intend to appoint a separate commission to present their proposals in this regard. All this needs to be done next year,” he added.

He also pledged to present to Parliament a code of conduct and values of the MPs, similar to that in the British Parliament, the report added.

The President felt that if they bring all these rules and regulations and make these amendments, Parliament can win the people's trust again.

UNI MR。    原文作者：Mohana Basu          近半数科学家表示，他们对人工智能总体感觉负面，但认为有些工具比别的要好些。         许多研究人员使用AI来协助科研，尽管他们感觉用AI对科研的影响是负面的。来源：Oscar Wong/Getty          许多科学家对于AI正感受到“错失恐惧症”（FOMO）。《自然》的一项调研询问了超过1900名研究者，显示出人们对AI负面影响的担忧，也揭示了许多人担心落后而不得不采用这些技术的压力。                   近半受访者表示对AI总体上持负面看法，其中63%的人说，使用大语言模型（LLM）等工具分析数据和科学文献的风险大于收益。尽管如此，仍有近60%的人感到不用AI辅助工作就会落后。调研结果发表在《自然》网站、社交媒体和自然简报邮件中。                   “要想不出局，你别无选择，只能使用某些工具——特别是LLM——来跟上其他使用者的步伐。”澳大利亚昆士兰科技大学研究临床预测模型的博士生Alexander Gibson说。                   Gibson说，他感觉到自己受“被动驱使”着去使用AI工具，因为这些工具承诺让一切变得更高效。但他感到，尽管AI模型能更快产出结果，但质量未必优于人类，有时还更糟。例如，Gibson说他用LLM提取PDF文章中的数据以开展研究。这让他的研究可行，因为手动提取数据实在太困难了。但LLM犯了不少错。

二 | “工作质量并没有得到提升。”          对AI的看法          《自然》询问了研究人员对AI的看法、AI模型是否对科学有着广泛的正面或负面影响，以及他们使用这些工具的频率。收到的回复来自75个国家，较大比例来自美国（38%）。

三 | 在回复的1907名科学家中，近48%的人说他们对AI的感受是负面的。有30%的回复说他们总体上感觉是积极的，22%为中性。                   只有23%的回复者认为AI对研究产生了积极影响，有31%认为该技术对科学的影响是负面的。近半研究者认为，使用AI造成的影响取决于其使用方式。涉及用于特定科学任务的模型往往比一般用途（如OpenAI 的ChatGPT聊天机器人）的大语言模型要更受欢迎。                   尽管存在疑虑，大多数受访者仍表示自己在研究中使用了某种形式的AI工具，25%的人每天都会用；26%的人每周使用AI，15%的人每月使用，还有34%的人说自己从来不用。                   这与2023年《自然》读者调研的结果相似，这项早些时候的调查询问了人们对科学领域早期采用AI的看法。该调研发现，研究者担心AI传播错误信息、加剧数据偏见和造成失业率上升。                   美国卡内基梅隆大学的计算生物学家Irene Kaplow说，研究者对AI所持的怀疑态度还不够，他们往往在没有充分理解其局限的情况下已经用上了这些工具。                   例如，Kaplow说，她用AI识别基因转录调控元件（控制基因表达时间、位置和程度的特定DNA序列）。在研究中，她经常使用Google DeepMind 的AlphaGenome软件，它能预测遗传变异如何影响生物。但这个模型仅以人类和小鼠数据进行训练，在其他物种中的表现不够理想。

四 | 尽管如此，Kaplow知道有些同事仍然在将该模型应用于适用范围以外的生物。                   有些同事用AI模型来协助写作文献综述，这也让她感到忧虑。

五 | 尽管这些工具能加速过程，但它们会产生“幻觉”：引用不存在的文献、错误阐释研究发现，有时候会提出和原始论文南辕北辙的结论。不过Kaplow表示，在负责任地使用时，AI工具能为研究带来巨大益处。         语言辅助          与《自然》对话的研究者们通常对现有的生成式人工智能（如ChatGPT）持更多怀疑态度，相比之下，他们更欣赏为解决特定问题而开发的模型。                   科学家们认为大有裨益的一个AI使用领域是克服语言壁垒。

六 | 整合AI的语法校对工具，例如科技公司Superhuman旗下的写作辅助软件Grammarly，对于非英语母语的研究者们特别有用，澳大利亚新南威尔士大学研究食品安全的博士生Debayanti Bhowmick说。                   同样的，她表示，在田野调查中协助准备访谈记录的AI转录工具，只要能以保护个人数据的方式使用，就能节省大量时间。Bhowmick说，归根结底，AI工具的风险和益处还是取决于其使用方式。         原文以Scientists have a bad case of AI FOMO, Nature poll reveals标题发表在2026年6月9日《自然》的新闻版块上                    ©nature          Doi：10.1038/d41586-026-01690-7。

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Published on:04:42:51